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Five Limbs of Time

Panchang - The Vedic Almanac

Panchang consists of five (pancha) elements (anga) that determine the quality of any moment in time. Understanding these elements helps in selecting auspicious times for important activities.

Tithi

Lunar Day

16 types

Vara

Weekday

7 days

Nakshatra

Lunar Mansion

27 stars

Yoga

Sun-Moon Yoga

27 yogas

Karana

Half Tithi

11 types

Tithi - Lunar Days

30 lunar days based on Moon's phase relative to Sun

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1

Pratipada

प्रतिपदा
2

Dwitiya

द्वितीया
3

Tritiya

तृतीया
4

Chaturthi

चतुर्थी
5

Panchami

पंचमी
6

Shashthi

षष्ठी
7

Saptami

सप्तमी
8

Ashtami

अष्टमी
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Vara - Weekdays

7 days ruled by planets with specific qualities

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Su

Sunday

रविवार

Sun
Mo

Monday

सोमवार

Moon
Tu

Tuesday

मंगलवार

Mars
We

Wednesday

बुधवार

Mercury
Th

Thursday

गुरुवार

Jupiter
Fr

Friday

शुक्रवार

Venus
Sa

Saturday

शनिवार

Saturn

Nitya Yoga - Daily Yogas

27 yogas based on combined Sun-Moon position

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1 Mixed

Vishkumbha

विष्कुम्भ

Obstacle/Support
2 Auspicious

Priti

प्रीति

Love/Affection
3 Auspicious

Ayushman

आयुष्मान

Long Life
4 Auspicious

Saubhagya

सौभाग्य

Good Fortune
5 Auspicious

Shobhana

शोभन

Brilliant/Beautiful
6 Mixed

Atiganda

अतिगण्ड

Extreme Danger

Karana - Half Tithis

11 karanas - 7 recurring and 4 fixed

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1 Chara

Bava

बव
2 Chara

Balava

बालव
3 Chara

Kaulava

कौलव
4 Chara

Taitila

तैतिल
5 Chara

Garaja

गरज
6 Chara

Vanija

वणिज
7 Chara

Vishti

विष्टि/भद्रा
8 Sthira

Shakuni

शकुनि
9 Sthira

Chatushpada

चतुष्पद
10 Sthira

Naga

नाग
11 Sthira

Kimstughna

किंस्तुघ्न

Understanding Panchang

Panchang (Sanskrit: पञ्चाङ्ग) literally means "five limbs" and refers to the five elements that define the quality of any given time. These are:

  • Tithi - The lunar day based on Moon's angular distance from Sun
  • Vara - The weekday with its ruling planet
  • Nakshatra - The lunar mansion where Moon is positioned
  • Yoga - The combined longitude of Sun and Moon
  • Karana - Half of a tithi, determining specific activities

Together, these five elements are used in Muhurta (electional astrology) to select auspicious times for important events like marriage, business ventures, travel, and religious ceremonies.