தமிழ் காலண்டர் / பஞ்சாங்கம் 2022 Tamil Calendar 2022
Tamil Nadu • Solar (sidereal) • Gharyan
ஒரு பார்வையில் ஆண்டு
12 நாட்கள் · 45 விரதங்கள்பிற நாட்காட்டிகள்
பற்றி தமிழ் காலண்டர் / பஞ்சாங்கம்
The Tamil Calendar is a sidereal solar calendar — unlike the lunisolar Hindu calendar, Tamil months are determined by the Sun's transit through the 12 zodiac signs (rashis). The new year (Puthandu) begins when the Sun enters Mesha (Aries) — typically April 14. Each month is named after the rashi the Sun is transiting.
तमिल कैलेंडर एक सौर कैलेंडर है — महीने सूर्य के राशि-संक्रमण से निर्धारित होते हैं। नववर्ष (पुथंडु) मेष संक्रांति को होता है — सामान्यतः 14 अप्रैल को।
The Tamil Calendar is one of the oldest solar calendar systems in India, dating back over two thousand years. Unlike most North Indian Hindu calendars which are lunisolar, the Tamil system tracks the Sun's actual position in the sidereal zodiac. The 12 Tamil months are simply the 12 zodiac signs the Sun passes through — Chithirai (Aries), Vaikasi (Taurus), Aani (Gemini), and so on. This makes the Tamil calendar more stable in Gregorian terms — Puthandu always falls on April 13 or 14, Pongal always on January 14-17. Major Tamil festivals like Thai Pongal, Karthikai Deepam, Aadi Perukku, and Aippasi Annabhishekam are anchored to this solar reckoning.
காலகட்டங்கள்
சந்திர மாதங்கள்
| # | மாதம் | தாய்மொழி பெயர் | கிரிகோரியன் காலம் | சூரிய ராசி | முக்கிய திருவிழாக்கள் |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chithirai | சித்திரை | April 14 - May 14 | Mesha (Aries) | Tamil New Year (Puthandu), Chithirai Festival at Madurai |
| 2 | Vaikasi | வைகாசி | May 14 - June 14 | Vrishabha (Taurus) | Vaikasi Visakam (Lord Murugan's birthday) |
| 3 | Aani | ஆனி | June 14 - July 15 | Mithuna (Gemini) | Aani Thirumanjanam at Chidambaram |
| 4 | Aadi | ஆடி | July 15 - August 15 | Karka (Cancer) | Aadi Perukku, Varalakshmi Vratam, Aadi Krittikai |
| 5 | Aavani | ஆவணி | August 15 - September 15 | Simha (Leo) | Aavani Avittam (sacred thread change), Krishna Janmashtami, Vinayagar Chaturthi |
| 6 | Purattasi | புரட்டாசி | September 15 - October 15 | Kanya (Virgo) | Mahalaya Paksham (Pitru Paksha), Saturday Vrat for Vishnu/Venkateswara |
| 7 | Aippasi | ஐப்பசி | October 15 - November 15 | Tula (Libra) | Annabhishekam, Skanda Sashti, Diwali (Naraka Chaturdashi) |
| 8 | Karthikai | கார்த்திகை | November 15 - December 15 | Vrischika (Scorpio) | Karthikai Deepam (festival of lights) |
| 9 | Margazhi | மார்கழி | December 15 - January 14 | Dhanu (Sagittarius) | Margazhi Music Festival (Chennai), Vaikunta Ekadasi, Thiruvempavai |
| 10 | Thai | தை | January 14 - February 13 | Makara (Capricorn) | Thai Pongal (4-day harvest festival), Thaipusam, Thai Amavasai |
| 11 | Maasi | மாசி | February 13 - March 14 | Kumbha (Aquarius) | Maasi Magham, Maha Shivaratri |
| 12 | Panguni | பங்குனி | March 14 - April 14 | Meena (Pisces) | Panguni Uthiram, Holi |
பிராந்திய திருவிழாக்கள்
Tamil New Year. Family celebrates with new clothes, mango leaves on doorways, kanni (auspicious sight at dawn), and special meals.
4-day harvest festival — Bhogi (Day 1), Thai Pongal (Day 2 — main day, sweet pongal cooked outdoors), Mattu Pongal (Day 3 — cattle worship), Kaanum Pongal (Day 4 — visiting relatives).
Festival of Lights — entire Tamil Nadu is lit with oil lamps. Massive deepam at Tiruvannamalai Arunachala temple — Maha Deepam visible from miles around.
Chennai's world-famous Carnatic music and Bharatanatyam season. Hundreds of concerts at sabhas across the city.
Water festival celebrating monsoon-fed river abundance. Devotees offer prayers at riverbanks and tanks.
Lord Murugan festival. Devotees carry kavadi to Murugan temples — Palani, Tiruchendur, Swamimalai. Major event at Batu Caves (Malaysia) and Singapore.
Marriage of Lord Murugan to Devasena; also Lord Shiva-Parvati and Vishnu-Lakshmi divine weddings celebrated.
சிறப்பு அம்சங்கள்
- Solar calendar — months tied to Sun's zodiac transit, not Moon's phases
- 60-year cycle — each year has a unique name (Prabhava, Vibhava, Shukla...)
- 5 components of Panchangam: Vaaram (day), Tithi, Nakshatram, Yogam, Karanam
- Day starts at sunrise (not midnight) for festivals and tithi calculation
- Each rashi-month has 30-31 days unlike fixed lunar 30-tithi months
பஞ்சாங்க கூறுகள்
அடிக்கடி கேட்கப்படும் கேள்விகள்
When is Tamil New Year 2026?
Tamil New Year (Puthandu) 2026 falls on Tuesday, April 14, 2026 — when the Sun enters Mesha (Aries). This date is fixed in the solar calendar so Puthandu is always around April 13-14 every year, unlike the lunisolar Hindu New Year which shifts.
How is the Tamil calendar different from the Hindu calendar?
The Tamil calendar is a sidereal solar calendar — months are based on the Sun's transit through zodiac signs. The standard Hindu calendar (used in North India) is lunisolar — months follow the Moon's phases. So Tamil month dates are stable in Gregorian terms (Pongal is always Jan 14, Puthandu always April 14), while Hindu lunisolar dates shift each year.
What are the 12 Tamil months?
Chithirai (சித்திரை), Vaikasi (வைகாசி), Aani (ஆனி), Aadi (ஆடி), Aavani (ஆவணி), Purattasi (புரட்டாசி), Aippasi (ஐப்பசி), Karthikai (கார்த்திகை), Margazhi (மார்கழி), Thai (தை), Maasi (மாசி), Panguni (பங்குனி). Each starts when the Sun enters the corresponding rashi.
What is the current Tamil year?
The Tamil calendar uses a 60-year cycle of named years (from Prabhava to Akshaya). The year name changes at Puthandu (April 14). The 60-cycle has been running continuously since ancient times and is used to identify years in Tamil panchangam.
Why is Margazhi month considered auspicious?
Margazhi (Dec-Jan) is the holiest month in the Tamil calendar — Lord Krishna says in the Bhagavad Gita 'Among months I am Margashirsha'. The dawn hours of Margazhi are believed to be especially powerful for spiritual practice. Tamil tradition fills this month with Thiruvembavai and Tiruppavai recitations, devotional music, and temple visits at dawn.
What is Aippasi Saturday significance?
Saturdays in the Tamil month of Purattasi (Sept-Oct) and Aippasi (Oct-Nov) are dedicated to Lord Vishnu / Venkateswara. Devotees observe partial fast, visit Vishnu temples, and recite Vishnu Sahasranama. Tirupati's Brahmotsavam falls during Purattasi.